Overview
Definition
Sudden episode of kidney failure or kidney damage.
Epidemiology
Affects ~10-15% of hospitalized patients.
Etiology & Risk Factors
- Prerenal (hypovolemia)
- Intrarenal (ATN, nephrotoxins)
- Postrenal (obstruction)
Clinical Symptoms
- Oliguria
- Fluid retention
- Fatigue
- Confusion
Clinical Approach
Diagnosis
- Elevated Creatinine/BUN
- Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/h
- Renal ultrasound
Management
- IV fluids (if prerenal)
- Avoid nephrotoxins
- Dialysis (if severe)
Complications
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hyperkalemia
- Metabolic acidosis