Aplastic Anemia

Hematology

Overview

Definition

Bone marrow failure syndrome causing pancytopenia.

Epidemiology

Varies globally depending on genetics, environment, or exposure.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Idiopathic autoimmune, Toxins (Benzene), Drugs (Chloramphenicol), Parvovirus B19.

Clinical Symptoms

  • Fatigue (anemia)
  • bleeding/petechiae (thrombocytopenia)
  • recurrent infections (neutropenia).

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • Bone marrow biopsy (hypocellular
  • fat-filled).

Management

  • Immunosuppression (ATG
  • Cyclosporine)
  • Bone marrow transplant.

Complications

  • Fatal bleeding or severe sepsis.