Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis

Ophthalmology

Overview

Definition

Viral infection of the retina in severely immunocompromised patients.

Epidemiology

Varies globally depending on genetics, environment, or exposure.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • CMV reactivation (CD4 < 50 in HIV).

Clinical Symptoms

  • Painless progressive vision loss
  • floaters
  • 'pizza pie' retinopathy (hemorrhages and exudates).

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • Fundoscopy
  • PCR.

Management

  • Ganciclovir
  • Valganciclovir
  • ART (for HIV).

Complications

  • Retinal detachment
  • blindness.