Overview
Definition
Disorder of water balance caused by ADH deficiency or resistance.
Epidemiology
Rare.
Etiology & Risk Factors
- Central: Head trauma, pituitary tumor, idiopathic
- Nephrogenic: Lithium, hypercalcemia, genetic
Clinical Symptoms
- Polyuria (massive volumes of dilute urine)
- Polydipsia
- Nocturia
Clinical Approach
Diagnosis
- Water deprivation test
- Desmopressin challenge
- Hypernatremia
Management
- Central: Desmopressin (DDAVP)
- Nephrogenic: Thiazide diuretics, low sodium diet
Complications
- Severe dehydration
- Hypernatremia
- Seizures