Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Hematology

Overview

Definition

Widespread activation of clotting cascade resulting in both thrombosis and bleeding.

Epidemiology

Always secondary to another severe systemic illness.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Sepsis
  • Trauma
  • Obstetric complications
  • Malignancy (APML)

Clinical Symptoms

  • Bleeding from IV sites
  • Petechiae
  • Organ ischemia/failure

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • High PT/aPTT
  • Low Fibrinogen
  • Low Platelets
  • High D-dimer
  • Schistocytes

Management

  • Treat the underlying cause (e.g., antibiotics for sepsis)
  • Cryoprecipitate
  • Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
  • Platelet transfusion

Complications

  • Multiorgan failure
  • Massive hemorrhage
  • Death