Overview
Definition
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults (especially African Americans).
Epidemiology
Varies globally depending on genetics, environment, or exposure.
Etiology & Risk Factors
- Idiopathic, HIV, Heroin use, sickle cell.
Clinical Symptoms
- Edema
- heavy proteinuria
- hypertension.
Clinical Approach
Diagnosis
- Renal biopsy (focal and segmental sclerosis).
Management
- ACE inhibitors
- Corticosteroids/Immunosuppressants (often resistant).
Complications
- High rate of progression to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).