Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Neurology

Overview

Definition

Acute, immune-mediated polyneuropathy causing rapidly progressive weakness.

Epidemiology

Rare, incidence 1-2 per 100,000.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Post-infectious autoimmune response (Campylobacter jejuni, CMV, EBV)

Clinical Symptoms

  • Ascending symmetric weakness
  • Areflexia
  • Paresthesias
  • Autonomic dysfunction

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • CSF analysis (Albuminocytologic dissociation)
  • EMG/NCS

Management

  • IVIG or Plasmapheresis
  • Supportive care (often intubation)

Complications

  • Respiratory failure
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Residual weakness