Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

Cardiology

Overview

Definition

Heart failure due to systolic dysfunction (weak left ventricle).

Epidemiology

Varies globally. Often age and lifestyle dependent.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction, Dilated cardiomyopathy.

Clinical Symptoms

  • Dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • PND
  • edema.

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • Echocardiogram (EF <40%).

Management

  • ACEi/ARNI
  • Beta-blockers
  • Aldosterone antagonists
  • SGLT2 inhibitors.

Complications

  • Cardiogenic shock.