Overview
Definition
Overactivity of one or more parathyroid glands causing hypercalcemia.
Epidemiology
Prevalence ~1-4 per 1,000. Most common cause of outpatient hypercalcemia.
Etiology & Risk Factors
- Parathyroid adenoma (80%)
- Parathyroid hyperplasia
- Carcinoma
Clinical Symptoms
- Often asymptomatic
- Stones (renal calculi)
- Bones (osteoporosis/pain)
- Groans (abdominal pain/constipation)
- Psychiatric overtones (depression)
Clinical Approach
Diagnosis
- High Calcium
- High PTH
- Low Phosphate
- Sestamibi scan
Management
- Parathyroidectomy
- Cinacalcet
- Hydration
Complications
- Kidney stones
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica
- Renal failure