Overview
Definition
Inflammation of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Epidemiology
Medical emergency with high morbidity/mortality if bacterial.
Etiology & Risk Factors
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Viruses (Enterovirus)
Clinical Symptoms
- Fever
- Nuchal rigidity
- Headache
- Photophobia
- Altered mental status
Clinical Approach
Diagnosis
- Lumbar Puncture (CSF analysis)
- Blood cultures
- CT Head (before LP if indicated)
Management
- Immediate IV antibiotics (Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin)
- Dexamethasone
Complications
- Hearing loss
- Seizures
- Hydrocephalus
- Death