Polycystic Kidney Disease

Nephrology

Overview

Definition

Inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within the kidneys.

Epidemiology

Autosomal dominant form affects 1 in 400 to 1,000 people.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 genes

Clinical Symptoms

  • Flank pain
  • Hematuria
  • Hypertension
  • Palpable bilateral abdominal masses

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • Renal Ultrasound (multiple cysts)
  • CT/MRI Abdomen
  • Genetic testing

Management

  • BP control (ACEi/ARB)
  • Tolvaptan
  • Dialysis/Transplant

Complications

  • Berry aneurysms (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
  • End-stage renal disease