Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonology

Overview

Definition

Blockage of a pulmonary artery, usually by a blood clot originating from the legs.

Epidemiology

Incidence increases with age; high mortality if untreated.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Deep vein thrombosis (Virchow's triad)

Clinical Symptoms

  • Sudden dyspnea
  • Pleuritic chest pain
  • Hemoptysis
  • Tachycardia

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • CT Pulmonary Angiogram
  • D-dimer

Management

  • Anticoagulation (DOACs, Heparin)
  • Thrombolysis (if massive)

Complications

  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Right heart failure
  • Death