Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis)

Rheumatology

Overview

Definition

Autoimmune disease characterized by widespread fibrosis of the skin and internal organs.

Epidemiology

Rare, more common in women.

Etiology & Risk Factors

  • Autoimmune endothelial damage leading to fibroblast activation and collagen deposition

Clinical Symptoms

  • Skin thickening
  • Raynaud's phenomenon
  • GERD
  • Sclerodactyly
  • Telangiectasia

Clinical Approach

Diagnosis

  • Anti-centromere antibodies (CREST/Limited)
  • Anti-Scl-70 antibodies (Diffuse)

Management

  • Organ-specific symptomatic therapy
  • Calcium channel blockers for Raynaud's
  • Immunosuppressants

Complications

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Scleroderma renal crisis