Overview
Definition
Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
Epidemiology
5-10% of all diabetes cases. Usually diagnosed in children/young adults.
Etiology & Risk Factors
- Autoimmune
- Genetic (HLA-DR3/DR4)
- Environmental triggers
Clinical Symptoms
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
Clinical Approach
Diagnosis
- Fasting glucose >= 126
- HbA1c >= 6.5%
- Positive autoantibodies (Anti-GAD, Islet cell)
Management
- Lifelong insulin therapy (basal-bolus)
- Continuous glucose monitoring
Complications
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Retinopathy
- Neuropathy
- Nephropathy