Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
< 8.0 ng/mL
Pediatric
Highly elevated in neonates, normalizes by 1 year ng/mL
Clinical Significance
Oncofetal glycoprotein. Used for screening and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors.
Causes of High
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
- Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (testicular/ovarian)
- Pregnancy (neural tube defects)
- Liver cirrhosis / active hepatitis
Causes of Low
- Normal finding