Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
< 1:40 titer (Negative) titer
Pediatric
< 1:40 titer (Negative) titer
Clinical Significance
Highly sensitive screening test for autoimmune disorders, particularly SLE, but has low specificity. Requires follow-up with specific antibody panels.
Causes of High
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Scleroderma
- Polymyositis
- Normal aging (low titer false positive)
Causes of Low
- Normal finding