Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
< 1.0 (Negative) Index
Pediatric
N/A Index
Clinical Significance
Highly specific marker for limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (Calcinosis, Raynaud's, Esophageal dysmotility, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasia).
Causes of High
- Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)
- Primary biliary cholangitis
Causes of Low
- Normal finding