Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
< 37 U/mL
Pediatric
N/A U/mL
Clinical Significance
Tumor marker primarily used to monitor response to therapy and detect recurrence in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Causes of High
- Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Colorectal, gastric, or ovarian cancers
- Biliary obstruction / cholangitis
- Cirrhosis
Causes of Low
- Lewis antigen-negative individuals (approx 5-10% of population fail to synthesize CA 19-9)