Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
Pediatric
9.0 - 11.0 mg/dL
Clinical Significance
Essential for muscle contraction and nerve transmission. Values must be corrected for albumin levels, or measure Ionized Calcium.
Causes of High
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Malignancy (bone mets, PTHrP)
- Vitamin D toxicity
- Thiazide diuretics
- Sarcoidosis
Causes of Low
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Chronic kidney disease
- Acute pancreatitis
- Hypoalbuminemia (pseudo-hypocalcemia)