Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
< 3 (Non-smokers) | < 5 (Smokers) ng/mL
Pediatric
N/A ng/mL
Clinical Significance
Tumor marker primarily used to monitor colorectal cancer recurrence and response to treatment. Not used for initial screening.
Causes of High
- Colorectal cancer
- Pancreatic/Gastric cancer
- Smoking
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- Cirrhosis
Causes of Low
- Normal finding
- Surgical remission of colon cancer