Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
< 93 ng/mL
Pediatric
N/A ng/mL
Clinical Significance
Acidic glycoprotein released from neuroendocrine cells. Highly sensitive tumor marker for diagnosing and monitoring neuroendocrine tumors.
Causes of High
- Neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid, pheochromocytoma)
- Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy
- Renal insufficiency
- Atrophic gastritis
Causes of Low
- Normal finding