Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
23 - 29 mEq/L
Pediatric
20 - 28 mEq/L
Clinical Significance
Primarily reflects bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the venous blood. An essential surrogate for arterial HCO3 in assessing acid-base status.
Causes of High
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Compensation for chronic respiratory acidosis (e.g., COPD)
Causes of Low
- Metabolic Acidosis (DKA, Lactic acidosis, Renal failure)
- Compensation for respiratory alkalosis