Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
Negative Titer
Pediatric
Negative Titer
Clinical Significance
Detects antibodies or complement proteins bound to the surface of red blood cells. Crucial for diagnosing immune-mediated hemolytic anemias.
Causes of High
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Drug-induced hemolytic anemia
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
- Transfusion reaction
Causes of Low
- Normal finding