Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
Negative Titer
Pediatric
Negative Titer
Clinical Significance
Detects unbound circulating antibodies against red blood cell antigens in the serum. Used for pre-transfusion compatibility testing and prenatal screening.
Causes of High
- Maternal-fetal Rh incompatibility
- Prior blood transfusion sensitization
- Autoantibodies
Causes of Low
- Normal finding