Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
Male: 10-40 | Female: Varies heavily by menstrual cycle phase pg/mL
Pediatric
Varies by age/Tanner stage pg/mL
Clinical Significance
Primary estrogen in premenopausal women. Used to evaluate amenorrhea, precocious puberty, and menopause.
Causes of High
- Ovarian tumors
- Pregnancy
- Cirrhosis (poor hepatic clearance)
Causes of Low
- Menopause
- Ovarian failure
- Turner syndrome
- Anorexia nervosa