Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
Male: 1.5-12.4 | Female: Varies by phase (High in menopause) mIU/mL
Pediatric
Varies by age/Tanner stage mIU/mL
Clinical Significance
Secreted by the anterior pituitary. Stimulates ovarian follicle development in females and spermatogenesis in males.
Causes of High
- Primary ovarian/testicular failure (Menopause, Klinefelter, Turner)
- Pituitary adenoma
Causes of Low
- Hypothalamic/Pituitary failure (Secondary hypogonadism)
- Pregnancy
- Exogenous steroids