Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
40 - 230 mg/dL
Pediatric
Varies by age mg/dL
Clinical Significance
First antibody class produced in response to acute antigenic challenge. Elevation suggests recent primary infection or macroglobulinemia.
Causes of High
- Acute infection
- Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
- Hyper-IgM syndrome
- Primary biliary cholangitis
Causes of Low
- Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
- Selective IgM deficiency
- Protein loss / malnutrition