Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
2.6 - 24.9 µIU/mL
Pediatric
2.0 - 20.0 µIU/mL
Clinical Significance
Assesses pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Elevated in insulin-resistance states and pathologically high in insulinoma during fasting hypoglycemia.
Causes of High
- Insulin resistance (Type 2 Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome)
- Insulinoma
- Exogenous insulin administration
- Cushing syndrome
Causes of Low
- Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
- Beta-cell exhaustion in long-standing Type 2 Diabetes
- Hypopituitarism