Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
0.5 - 1.0 (Arterial) | 0.5 - 2.2 (Venous) mmol/L
Pediatric
0.5 - 2.0 mmol/L
Clinical Significance
Marker of anaerobic metabolism and tissue hypoperfusion. Crucial for identifying and prognosticating severe sepsis and shock.
Causes of High
- Sepsis / Septic shock
- Tissue ischemia
- Severe hypoxia
- Heart failure
- Intense exercise
- Metformin toxicity
Causes of Low
- Normal finding