Normal Reference Ranges
Adult
200 - 900 pg/mL
Pediatric
200 - 900 pg/mL
Clinical Significance
Crucial for DNA synthesis and neurologic function. Deficiency causes macrocytic anemia and irreversible peripheral neuropathy/subacute combined degeneration.
Causes of High
- Myeloproliferative disorders
- Severe liver disease (release from stores)
Causes of Low
- Pernicious anemia
- Vegan diet
- Malabsorption (Crohn's, Gastric bypass)
- Metformin use